Mabhodhi edunhu akadhindwa (PCBs) anoonekwa mumidziyo yese yemagetsi. Kana paine zvikamu zvemagetsi mumudziyo, zvese zvakaiswa paPCB dzehukuru hwakasiyana. Mukuwedzera pakugadzirisa zvikamu zviduku zvakasiyana-siyana, basa guru rePCBndeyekupa kubatana kwemagetsi ekubatanidza kwezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana pamusoro. Sezvo zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvinowedzera uye zvakanyanya kuoma, zvikamu zvakawanda zvinodikanwa, uye mitsetse uye zvikamu paPCBanowedzerawo kukora. ChiyeroPCBzvinoita seizvi. Bhodhi isina chinhu (isina zvikamu pairi) inowanzonziwo "Printed Wiring Board (PWB)."
Iyo base plate yebhodhi pachayo inogadzirwa ne insulating zvinhu zvisingagone kubhenda. Iyo yakatetepa yedunhu zvinhu inogona kuvonekwa pamusoro ndeyemhangura foil. Pakutanga, foil yemhangura yakavhara bhodhi rose, asi chikamu chayo chakavharidzirwa panguva yekugadzira, uye chikamu chakasara chakava mesh-yakafanana nedunhu rakatetepa. . Mitsetse iyi inonzi conductor mapatani kana wiring, uye inoshandiswa kupa magetsi ekubatanidza kune zvikamu paPCB.
Kubatanidza zvikamu kunePCB, tinotengesa mapini avo zvakananga kune wiring. Pamusoro pePCB inonyanya kukosha (imwe-sided), zvikamu zvakanangidzirwa kune rumwe rutivi uye waya dzakanangidzirwa kune rumwe rutivi. Somugumisiro, tinoda kuita maburi mubhodhi kuitira kuti mapini apfuure nepakati pebhodhi kune rumwe rutivi, saka mapini echikamu anotengeswa kune rumwe rutivi. Nekuda kweizvi, kumberi uye kumashure mativi ePCB anonzi Chikamu Chechikamu uye Solder Side, zvichiteerana.
Kana paine zvimwe zvikamu paPCB zvinoda kubviswa kana kudzoserwa mushure mekugadzirwa kwapera, zvigadziko zvichashandiswa kana zvikamu zvaiswa. Sezvo socket yakanyatso kusungirirwa kubhodhi, zvikamu zvinogona kuparadzaniswa uye kuunganidzwa pasina. Inoonekwa pazasi ndiyo ZIF (Zero Insertion Force) socket, iyo inobvumira zvikamu (munyaya iyi, iyo CPU) kuti iiswe nyore nyore musocket uye kubviswa. Bhara rekuchengetedza padivi pesoketi kuti ubate chikamu panzvimbo mushure mekuchiisa.
Kana maPCB maviri achizobatanidzwa kune mumwe nemumwe, isu tinowanzo shandisa mapendero ekubatanidza anowanzozivikanwa se "zvigunwe zvegoridhe". Zvigunwe zvegoridhe zvine akawanda akafumurwa mapedhi emhangura, ayo ari chaizvo chikamu chePCBlayout. Kazhinji, kana tichibatanidza, tinoisa zvigunwe zvegoridhe pane imwe yePCBs munzvimbo dzakakodzera pane imwe PCB (inowanzonzi nzvimbo dzekuwedzera). Mukombuta, senge giraidhi kadhi, kadhi rekurira kana mamwe makadhi akafanana, akabatanidzwa kubhodhi reamai nezvigunwe zvegoridhe.
Girini kana brown paPCB ndiwo ruvara rwemasolder mask. Iyi layer inhoo inodzivirira inodzivirira waya dzemhangura uye inodzivirirawo kuti zvidimbu zvisatengeswa panzvimbo isiri iyo. Imwe dhizaini yesiriki skrini inodhindwa pane solder mask. Kazhinji, zvinyorwa uye zviratidzo (zvizhinji zvichena) zvinodhindwa pane izvi kuratidza nzvimbo yechikamu chimwe nechimwe pabhodhi. Sikirini yekudhinda side inonziwo legend side.
Mabhodhi eSingle-Sid
Isu takangotaura kuti pane yakanyanya kukosha PCB, zvikamu zvakanangidzirwa kune rimwe divi uye waya dzakanangidzirwa kune rimwe divi. Nekuti waya dzinongoonekwa kune rimwe divi, tinodaidza rudzi urwuPCBane divi rimwe chete (Single-sided). Nemhaka yokuti bhodhi rimwechete rine zvirambidzo zvakawanda zvakasimba pakugadzirwa kwedunhu (nokuti kune rutivi rumwe chete, wiring haigoni kuyambuka uye inofanira kutenderera nenzira yakasiyana), saka matunhu ekutanga chete akashandisa rudzi urwu rwebhodhi.
Mabhodhi maviri-Maviri
Bhodhi iri rine waya kumativi ose. Zvisinei, kushandisa mativi maviri ewaya, panofanira kuva nekubatana kwakakodzera kwedunhu pakati pemativi maviri. "Mabhiriji" akadaro pakati pematunhu anonzi vias. Vias maburi madiki paPCB, akazadzwa kana kupendwa nesimbi, anogona kubatanidzwa newaya mativi ese. Nekuti nzvimbo yebhodhi rine mativi maviri yakakura zvakapetwa kaviri kupfuura yebhodhi-rimwe divi, uye nekuti wiring inogona kupindirana (inogona kukuvadzwa kune rimwe divi), inonyanya kukodzera kushandiswa pane zvakanyanya kuoma. matunhu kupfuura mapuranga ane divi rimwe chete.
Multi-Layer Boards
Kuti uwedzere nzvimbo iyo inogona kuve newaya, mamwe mabhodhi ewaya ega kana maviri-maviri anoshandiswa kune akawanda mabhodhi. Multi-layer boards anoshandisa akati wandei-side mapuranga, uye isa insulating layer pakati pebhodhi rega rega uye ipapo glue (press-fit). Huwandu hwezvikamu zvebhodhi zvinomiririra akati wandei akazvimirira wiring layers, kazhinji huwandu hwematanho hwakafanana, uye hunosanganisira ekunze maviri. Mazhinji mamaboards ane 4 kusvika 8-layer zvimiro, asi zvehunyanzvi, ingangoita zana-layer.PCBmapuranga anogona kuwanikwa. Mazhinji makuru makuru emakomputa anoshandisa zvakaringana-akawanda-layer mamaboards, asi nekuda kwekuti makomputa akadaro anogona kutsiviwa nemasumbu emakomputa mazhinji akajairwa, e-ultra-multi-layer board akadonha zvishoma nezvishoma kusashanda. Nokuti zvikamu mu aPCBdzakasungwa zvakasimba, hazvisi nyore kuona iyo nhamba chaiyo, asi kana ukanyatsotarisisa pabhodhi reamai, unogona kukwanisa.
Iyo vias yatichangobva kutaura, kana ikaiswa kubhodhi rine mativi maviri, inofanira kubayiwa mukati mebhodhi rose. Nekudaro, mune multilayer bhodhi, kana iwe uchingoda kubatanidza mamwe emhando idzi, ipapo vias inogona kutambisa imwe nzvimbo yekutsvaga pane mamwe akaturikidzana. Akavigwa vias uye bofu vias michina anogona kudzivisa dambudziko iri nokuti vanopinda chete mashoma akaturikidzana. Bofu vias batanidza akati wandei akaturikidzana zvemukati PCBs pamusoro PCBs pasina kupinda mukati bhodhi rose. Kuvigwa vias zvinongobatanidzwa nemukatiPCB, saka hazvionekwe kubva pamusoro.
Mune-multi-layerPCB, iyo yose yakatsetseka yakabatana zvakananga kune tambo yepasi uye magetsi. Saka isu tinoisa dhizaini yega yega sechiratidzo chechiratidzo (Signal), simba layer (Simba) kana pasi pasi (Ground). Kana zvikamu zvePCB zvichida magetsi akasiyana, kazhinji maPCB akadaro anozove neanopfuura maviri akaturikidzana emagetsi uye waya.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-25-2022